欢迎来到WaRP, beat365官方app下载新的水力研究门户网站.

近年来，风力发电装机容量快速增长. 风力发电提供了众多的经济效益, 社会及环境效益, 但它也带有内在的可变性和不确定性, 哪种情况会增加额外平衡储备的需求, generation resources that can adjust their output rapidly to keep power supply in balance with dem和. 水电 is an inexpensive 和 flexible generating resource that has been considered one of the best resources to provide the necessary balancing reserves for wind. 水电的灵活性和容量是有限的, 然而, by non-power constraints associated with environmental 和 water management objectives that have not been fully accounted for in previous wind integration studies. We present a methodology to evaluate hydropower 和 wind integration using the RiverWare river system 和 hydropower modeling tool. 的 model represents both the physical characteristics of the hydropower system 和 accounts for realistic non-power policy constraints. 经济评估包括能源和辅助服务的价值. 此外，操作输出包括满足所有策略约束的能力. 的 methodology is applied to a test case integrated hydropower 和 wind generation system including five hydropower projects in a run-of-river configuration for a range of wind penetration levels 和 hydrologic conditions. 结果表明，风在低穿透增加经济价值的系统. 随着安装容量的增加, 额外的风力发电的回报越来越少, 主要是由于准备金要求的增加. 风电容量的增加也导致违反政策约束的数量增加. 非功率约束对系统总值有显著影响, 但这种相对影响取决于系统条件. Complex interactions between policy 和 the physical system result in a highly non-linear response of the system to changes in wind penetration. Utilization of goal programming makes it possible to capture these effects that would be missed without a realistic representation of both the integrated physical system 和 its operating policy. This methodology can be used to provide an improved representation of hydropower systems in future wind integration studies.

水力发电是一种响应速度快的能源，是间歇发电的完美补充 风力发电的. 然而，beat365官方app下载可以感受到风能对传统水力发电系统的影响， 特别是当系统受到其他一些环境和维护方面的限制时. beat365官方app下载的目标 of this paper is to develop a general method for optimizing hydropower operations of a realistic multireservoir hydropower system in a deregulated market setting when there is a stochastic wind input. 的 所采用的方法是随机动态规划(SDP). 目前，水电运营研究较多 optimization with wind have involved linear programming or stochastic programming, which are based 在线性. 相比之下，SDP是一种不需要假设的随机优化方法 目标函数的线性. 真正的自适应随机非线性公式 目标函数可以应用于多个时间步长, 对于很多时间步来说都是有效的 对随机规划. 确定性优化的初步结果表明 该方法的潜力，以指导运行的水力系统了解系统的状态. 的 研究将继续优化不确定的流入和风.

可再生能源，特别是风能，在过去的二十年里急剧增长. 在太平洋西北地区，电力系统已经容纳了大量的新风力发电. 风力发电的可变性带来了许多挑战, 需要额外的备用生成来维持系统的稳定性. 储备的主要来源是联邦哥伦比亚河电力系统, 和 the aging dams of this system are believed to be near their limit for providing this service. 本文将探讨电力系统的动力学作为一个整体, 并研究风能与电力系统其他部分的关系. Several types of studies have been used to examine these relationships including Maximal Information Coefficient analysis, 相关分析, 和回归分析. 的 results of these analyses demonstrate that the dynamics of the power system changed as wind power was added to the system. 的 results will also show that the power system is increasingly reliant on resources other than hydropower, 包括火电以及与加州和加拿大的连接, 为风力发电提供平衡储备.

This project aims to explore the unique role of hydropower in producing significant amounts of firm renewable energy 和 storage to support VRE’s, 和 providing flexible energy services to support electricity systems – collectively termed ‘hydro balancing’. 具体地说, Phase 2 will develop an underst和ing of two key strategic themes: (1) How hydropower may be valued in future electricity market scenarios, 以及(2)水电在提供气候变化适应服务方面的价值如何(e.g. 防洪).第二阶段将通过记录这些能力来捕捉水力发电的贡献, 挑战, 机会, 和 market structures for compensating hydropower services in TCP member countries as well as additional countries recruited to the effort.

Developing world microgrids often balance insufficient supply with growing, unpredictable dem和. 确定性和概率模拟器存在于这些微网格模型中, 每个项目都专注于不同的技术方面. 随着智能电表进入微电网, 现在可以以高粒度进行监视和控制, 这就丰富了微电网的规划和运营. This research is designing a new simulator to model smart microgrids with discrete probability distributions as supply 和 dem和 inputs. 在beat365官方app下载的模型中, 智能电表允许实时切断电力，用于需求侧管理, 根据需要有效平滑系统负载曲线. 比较电网运行和混合发电的剪接方案, we aggregate inputs by convolution then compute expected energy sold 和 probability of avoiding power cuts. 的 simulator plots these values for different combinations of power clipping threshold 和 number of customers clipped.

develop an industry‐recognized methodology 和 framework for calculating the flexibility that hydropower assets can provide

的 HydroWIRES (Water Innovation for a Resilient Electricity System) portfolio is organized into four interrelated research areas: 1) Value under Evolving System Conditions, 2)能力与约束, 3)运营与计划, 四是技术创新. HydroWIRES的任务(http://energy.Gov /hydrowires)是要理解的, 启用, 并提高水电的可靠性, 弹性, 以及快速发展的电力系统的整合. 该计划包括5个国家实验室, 太平洋西北国家实验室带来了估值方面的专业知识, 市场分析, 水电并网与环境绩效. 具体地说, how hydropower capabilities contribute to the future grid 和 the capabilities 和 constraints of hydropower operations.